Final answer:
Fossils and anatomical structures provide a substantial body of evidence for evolution. The fossil record reveals changes over time in extinct species, while homologous and vestigial structures in anatomy show the relations between species and their common ancestry.
Step-by-step explanation:
The evidence provided by the bones of dinosaurs and other extinct organisms is an example of fossil evidence for evolution. Fossils are the preserved remains of past life forms that give us insight into how species have changed over time. This is because the fossil record shows a progression of evolutionary changes, revealing the features of extinct species and how they differ from those alive today. Palaeontologists, who study fossils, provide a detailed narrative of life's history on Earth and draw conclusions about the process of evolution.
Moreover, when examining the anatomy of various organisms, we find homologous structures; similar physical features stemming from a common ancestor, which supports the theory of evolution. These structures may change in shape or size across different species, but their fundamental layout remains the same due to descent from a common ancestor. This continuity is evident in the appendages of humans, dogs, birds, and whales among other species. Additionally, vestigial structures, which seemingly serve no current purpose, suggest past evolutionary functions, providing further anatomical evidence for evolution.
Together, these aspects form a robust framework for understanding evolution, with natural selection acting as a key mechanism driving these changes over extensive periods. Consequently, fossils and anatomical studies contribute extensively to our understanding of the evolution of life on Earth.