Final answer:
The brown spider referred to in the question that harms humans and whose name means "hermit" is the Brown Recluse. It has venom that can cause serious reactions, but dangerous bites from spiders are relatively uncommon, with only about 200 species posing a risk to humans. So, among the options given the correct one is Option A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The brown spider known for harmfully biting humans and whose name means "hermit" is the Brown Recluse spider. These spiders are known for their venom which contains potent hemotoxins and cytotoxins. The Brown Recluse is one of the few spider species whose bite can cause significant harm to humans, potentially leading to symptoms such as redness, fever, weakness, and nausea. The venom can, in rare cases, cause necrosis at the site of the bite and hemolysis. On the other hand, species like the Black Widow spider only have a female bite that is dangerous to humans, primarily causing pain and muscle cramps, but symptoms generally subside within 3-7 days.
Arachnids, which include spiders, are commonly feared but also play an essential role in ecosystems as predators of pests. While all spiders produce silk and nearly all inject venom, it is crucial to note that only about 200 out of over 100,000 named species have bites harmful to humans.
The correct answer to the question is (a) Brown Recluse.