Final answer:
The individual exiled from Florence in 1302 was Dante Alighieri, whose exile reflected the political turmoil and values of freedom and liberty cherished by Florentine citizens.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individual who was exiled from Florence in 1302 by political enemies and faced being burnt at the stake if he returned was Dante Alighieri. As a prominent political figure and writer, Dante's exile came as a result of the complex political struggles of the time. Florence prided itself on being a republic that upheld the freedom and liberty of its citizens, contrasting with the absolute power held by rulers in places like the Duchy of Milan. The fear of losing individual liberties drove the political tension between Florence and rival states and set the scene for Dante's exile.