Final answer:
The AAIDD defines intellectual disabilities as significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior present before age 18. The term emphasizes respect and the right of individuals to fully participate in society. It also highlights the need for more accurate and dignified language in understanding and supporting individuals with these disabilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Definition of Intellectual Disabilities by AAIDD
The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) defines intellectual disabilities as a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning (reasoning, learning, problem-solving) and in adaptive behavior, which covers a range of everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18. Intellectual functioning is assessed with an IQ test, and a score approximately two standard deviations below the mean (around 70 on a test with a mean of 100) can indicate such a disability. In addition, for a diagnosis, significant limitations in adaptive behavior also have to be present, which include conceptual, social, and practical skills.
The term 'intellectual disability' is used by the AAIDD to promote a more accurate and respectful understanding of individuals with these disabilities. It emphasizes that individuals with intellectual disabilities have the right to live fulfilling lives and be included and participate fully in all aspects of society. The change from the former term 'mental disorder' reflects a growing understanding and respect for the dignity of individuals with intellectual disabilities.
Clinical definitions do not only require below-average intelligence but also significant limitations in adaptive skills. Despite these limitations, individuals with intellectual disabilities know the difference between right and wrong and can, for example, frequently be competent to stand trial, although they have diminished capacities to process information, control impulses, and understand others' reactions.
Overall, the AAIDD advocates for the use of more respectful and less stigmatizing language when it comes to individuals with cognitive delays, with the aim to increase their inclusion and acceptance in society.