Answer:
Here are the definitions:
1. Vietnam War: A prolonged conflict (1955-1975) between North Vietnam, supported by communist allies, and South Vietnam, supported by the United States and other anti-communist nations. It ended with the fall of Saigon and the reunification of Vietnam under communist rule.
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2. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: A resolution passed by the U.S. Congress in 1964, following reported attacks on American warships in the Gulf of Tonkin, which authorized the escalation of U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam War.
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3. Johnson's Great Society: A set of domestic programs initiated by President Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1960s, aimed at addressing poverty, racial injustice, and promoting social reforms such as Medicare, Medicaid, and the Civil Rights Act.
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4. John F. Kennedy Assassination: The assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, by Lee Harvey Oswald. It had a significant impact on American society and politics.
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5. Kennedy/Nixon, 1960 Debate: The televised debates during the 1960 presidential election between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon, which marked a turning point in how media influenced public perception of candidates.
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6. Letter from Birmingham Jail: An open letter written by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1963, while he was incarcerated, advocating for nonviolent civil disobedience as a means to fight against racial segregation and injustice.
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7. Cesar Chavez: An American farm labor leader and civil rights activist. Chavez co-founded the National Farm Workers Association (later became United Farm Workers) and organized various boycotts and strikes to improve conditions for agricultural workers.
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8. Martin Luther King Jr. Assassination: The assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee, by James Earl Ray. It resulted in widespread outrage and had a significant impact on the civil rights movement.
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9. Diplomatic relations with China: The normalization of diplomatic relations between the United States and China in 1979, after decades of limited or no official contact. It had significant political and economic implications.
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10. War Powers Act: A U.S. law passed in 1973, in response to the Vietnam War, which limits the President's power to engage in armed conflicts without explicit Congressional approval.
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11. 1979 Iranian Revolution: A revolution in Iran that resulted in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of an Islamic republic led by Ayatollah Khomeini.
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12. Hostage crisis: The Iranian hostage crisis occurred following the 1979 revolution, where 52 Americans were taken hostage at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran for 444 days, straining relations between the United States and Iran.
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13. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): An agency of the U.S. federal government, established in 1970, that aims to protect human health and the environment through the enforcement of environmental laws and regulations.
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14. National Organization for Women (NOW): An American feminist organization founded in 1966, dedicated to promoting women's rights, reproductive freedom, and combating gender inequality.
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15. Watergate scandal: A political scandal in the early 1970s involving the break-in at the Democratic National Committee Headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C., leading to the eventual resignation of President Richard Nixon.
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16. Collapse of the Soviet Union: Refers to the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991, leading to the end of the Cold War and the emergence of independent nations.
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17. Clinton's impeachment: Refers to the impeachment process against President Bill Clinton in 1998-1999 on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice, stemming from his extramarital affair with Monica Lewinsky.
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18. Reaganomics: Refers to the economic policies implemented during the presidency of Ronald Reagan in the 1980s, characterized by tax cuts, deregulation, and reduced government spending.
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19. Presidential election of 2008: The election that took place in 2008, resulting in the victory of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States, making him the first African American to hold the office.