Final answer:
The sacred Islamic shrine in Jerusalem known for its marble and mosaics decoration is the Dome of the Rock, not a mosque but an iconic structure of great significance to multiple religions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sacred Islamic shrine in Jerusalem that is decorated with marble and mosaics both on its exterior and interior is a) The Dome of the Rock. This shrine is one of the earliest surviving buildings from the Islamic world and is not actually a mosque but is often mistakenly thought to be one. The Dome of the Rock is characterized by its hexagonal shape, which took inspiration from nearby Byzantine Christian churches. Its iconic gilded gold dome is adorned with blue tile mosaics, while the interior hosts a variety of mosaics including those depicting the mythological Senmurv bird, and it features Arabic inscriptions from the Quran. The Dome of the Rock is a site sacred to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, making it a centerpiece of religious history in Jerusalem.