Final answer:
Existentialism is the philosophical approach that considers existentialism and pessimistic humanism in the context of naturalistic assumptions about existence and human nature. It emphasizes human freedom and the responsibility to shape the world. Existentialism rejects pre-existing structures or fixed ideas.
Step-by-step explanation:
Existentialism is the philosophical approach that considers existentialism and pessimistic humanism in the context of naturalistic assumptions about existence and human nature. Existentialism emphasizes human freedom, the making of meaning, and the responsibility to shape the world as one sees fit. It rejects the idea that there are pre-existing structures or fixed ideas that govern human existence.