Question

An operating system uses dynamic partitioning to manage our memory, and with the next-fit algorithm. The system has five blocks of size [100K, 500K, 200K, 300K, 600K] in that order, and a new process of size 145K was just allocated the block of size 300K. Demonstrate the allocation of the remaining four processes of size [212k, 417K, 112K, 426K] in that order. Indicating whether the system has an issue of internal/external fragmentation or both.

The results of the placement algorithm:
Block 100k is assigned
process
Block 500k is assigned
process
Block 200k is assigned
process
Block 300k is assigned 145k process
Block 600k is assigned
process
The system has
fragmentation
Drag and Drop correct answers below into section above.
no
112k
417k
both internal & external
212k
external
internal
426

Answer 1

Using the next-fit algorithm, processes are allocated to memory blocks, resulting in both internal and external fragmentation as some processes cannot fit in the remaining spaces, and there's unused memory in partially filled blocks.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question revolves around the concept of dynamic partitioning in an operating system that allocates memory to processes using the next-fit algorithm. After a process of size 145K was allocated to a block of size 300K, we need to allocate the remaining four processes of sizes 212k, 417K, 112K, and 426K. The next-fit algorithm searches for a suitable block starting from the point of the last allocation.

1. The process of 212K cannot fit in the block of 100K, so it is allocated to the next suitable block of size 500K.
2. The process of 417K cannot fit in the leftover 288K (after the 212K process has been allocated) of the 500K block, and moves to the next suitable block, which is the 600K block.
3. The process of 112K can fit within the remaining space in the 288K block (originally 500K minus the allocated 212K), so it is allocated there.
4. The process of 426K cannot fit in the remaining 100K block or the already filled 288K block, thus it cannot be allocated, indicating an issue of external fragmentation as there is not enough contiguous memory space to fit the large process despite having free memory in smaller, non-adjacent blocks.

As a result of the allocations, there are leftover spaces in memory blocks that are too small to be used for incoming processes, which is a form of internal fragmentation.

Finally, the system experiences both internal and external fragmentation.