Final answer:
A rational choice for a meeting location in New York without prior agreement would be Times Square, due to its prominent and easily accessible location. Selection of a familiar location is based on the concept that decisions vary according to the situation.
Step-by-step explanation:
When faced with the where-to-meet dilemma in New York without prior planning, a rational choice would be a well-known and easily accessible location. Option A) Central Park and Option B) Times Square are both rational choices since these are iconic, central, and often visited by both tourists and locals alike. However, Times Square might be considered more rational due to its prominent location and transportation connectivity. In contrast, choosing a Random location without any prior arrangement would be irrational, as the probability of meeting up successfully is significantly reduced.
Regarding the scenario presented in the question, decisions in any game or situation, including where to meet, will vary as the situation varies, per option 14a. In the context of sociological studies, like the claims of the visitor probability in Times Square or the behaviors observed in Central Park, researchers often construct hypotheses such as null and alternative hypotheses to test the validity of claims.