Final answer:
Secondary data analysis involves the reanalysis of existing data to explore new research questions or apply different analytical techniques. It is cost-effective and does not interact with or influence subjects, thus considered nonreactive research.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process mentioned in the question, secondary data analysis, involves the reanalysis of data that were originally collected for other purposes, which could include governmental and other organizational databases. In sociology and other social sciences, researchers frequently utilize existing data -- such as data collected by agencies, previous research studies, or historical documents -- to explore new research questions or to apply different analytical techniques. This approach is cost-effective and can provide a depth of understanding that might not be feasible with primary data collection.
Secondary data analysis is considered nonreactive research, also known as unobtrusive research, because it does not involve direct contact with subjects; hence, it does not alter or influence their behaviors. By analyzing such data, sociologists can provide new insights and interpretations without the investment and risks inherent in primary data collection.