Final answer:
Edema is the accumulation of excess water in the tissues, commonly seen in the soft tissues of the extremities. Symptoms include swelling, increased size of the limb, and tight skin. Bilirubin levels can be measured using a bilirubinometer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Edema is the accumulation of excess water in the tissues, commonly seen in the soft tissues of the extremities. It is caused by various factors such as underlying medical conditions, certain therapeutic drugs, pregnancy, injury, or allergic reactions. Symptoms of edema include swelling, increased size of the limb, and tight skin. One way to check for subcutaneous edema is to press a finger into the suspected area and see if the depression persists (pitting).
Fluid retention can also be observed by checking for signs of bilateral pedal edema, which is the swelling of both feet and ankles due to fluid accumulation. This can be seen as enlarged and puffy feet.
To measure bilirubin levels, a bilirubinometer can be used. It measures the bilirubin concentration in the blood, which can help in the diagnosis of conditions such as obstructive jaundice.
Overall, it is important to be aware of these signs and symptoms for proper diagnosis and treatment of fluid retention and related conditions.