Final answer:
The description matching for cardiovascular and respiratory disorders relates atherosclerosis to arterial plaque buildup, hypertension to elevated blood pressure, peripheral artery disease to narrowed leg arteries, coronary artery disease to compromised heart muscle blood flow, and pneumonia to fluid-filled lung alveoli.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders Matching
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and respiratory disorders are significant health concerns. Here are the matches for the descriptions provided:
-
- Atherosclerosis: is characterized by the buildup of plaque in the arteries which may lead to various forms of heart disease, including coronary artery disease.
-
- Hypertension: is defined by blood pressure that is too high, potentially causing damage to blood vessels and organs over time.
-
- Peripheral artery disease: specifically refers to the narrowing of the arteries in limbs, most commonly in the legs.
-
- Coronary artery disease (CAD): is marked by impaired blood flow to the heart muscle, which can lead to symptoms like chest pain (angina) or heart attacks.
-
- Pneumonia: affects the lungs where alveoli become inflamed and fill with fluid, hindering gas exchange and causing symptoms such as coughing and difficulty breathing.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), which includes conditions such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, involves the breakdown and loss of elasticity in the alveoli causing breathing difficulties and poor gas exchange.
In summary, cardiovascular diseases are largely related to atherosclerosis and the physiological changes in the arteries. This includes systemic issues like hypertension, localized problems such as peripheral artery disease, and those that directly affect the heart like coronary artery disease. Respiratory diseases like pneumonia and COPD impact the lungs' ability to exchange gases effectively.