Final answer:
The body has three energy systems: phosphagen, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. It also has two muscle fiber types: slow-twitch for endurance and fast-twitch for quick, powerful movements. Oxygen deficit occurs at the start of exercise, while oxygen debt refers to increased oxygen consumption post-exercise for recovery.
Step-by-step explanation:
The human body relies on three energy systems to perform activities: the phosphagen system, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. The phosphagen system rapidly provides energy for short, high-intensity activities through stored ATP and creatine phosphate. Glycolysis breaks down glucose without oxygen for activities of moderate duration but results in less ATP production and produces lactic acid. Oxidative phosphorylation, or aerobic respiration, produces the most ATP but requires oxygen, making it most efficient for prolonged activities.
There are two types of muscle fibers in the human body: slow-twitch (Type I) and fast-twitch (Type II). Slow-twitch fibers are more efficient at using oxygen to generate ATP for continuous, extended muscle contractions over a long time. They excel in endurance. In contrast, fast-twitch fibers fatigue faster but are used in powerful bursts of movements like sprinting.
Oxygen deficit refers to the temporary shortage of oxygen availability at the beginning of exercise, as the body transitions from rest to more active states. Oxygen debt, or excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), occurs after exercise, when the body consumes more oxygen than usual to restore itself to the pre-exercise state, including the replenishment of oxygen stores, removal of lactic acid, and repair of muscles.