Final answer:
Genetic predispositions and environmental factors contribute to the development of mental illnesses like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Neurotransmitter imbalances play a role in such conditions, with treatments focusing on restoring these levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
Genetic predispositions have been linked to an increased incidence of mental illnesses, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Studies, such as one conducted by Tienari et al., show that individuals with a high genetic risk for schizophrenia are more likely to develop the disorder if they are raised in disturbed home environments. This suggests that while genetics play a critical role in the development of certain mental illnesses, environmental factors are also crucial. The interaction between an individual’s genetic makeup and their environment contributes to the likelihood of developing conditions such as schizophrenia. Moreover, neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in mental illnesses, with imbalances in substances like dopamine and serotonin being linked to disorders like depression and schizophrenia. Medications often used in the treatment of these conditions, such as antipsychotics for schizophrenia, typically aim to correct these neurotransmitter imbalances.