Final answer:
John C. Calhoun developed the idea of nullification as a way to free South Carolina from the tariff.
Step-by-step explanation:
John C. Calhoun developed the idea of nullification as a way to free South Carolina from the tariff. Nullification was the belief that states had the right to declare federal laws null and void if they believed those laws were unconstitutional. Calhoun argued that the Tariff of 1828 was unconstitutional because it did not set uniform duties and unfairly benefited one region over another. This idea of nullification eventually led to a crisis between South Carolina and the federal government, which was resolved through a compromise.