Final answer:
The area that one can see around themselves without moving the eyes or head is called the field of vision, which includes both central and peripheral vision.
Step-by-step explanation:
The area you can see around you without moving your eyes or head is known as your field of vision. This includes both the central area you are focusing on as well as the peripheral areas to the sides, above, and below where you are looking directly. For instance, while focusing on a basketball game, you can still perceive players and movement in the surrounding court, which are within your peripheral vision. This integral part of human sight is largely due to the structure and function of the eyes and brain. The fovea, which is densely packed with cones, is responsible for sharp central vision whereas the rods located towards the edges of the retina are more involved in peripheral vision, allowing us to see better in dim light. The role of the brain in processing the images captured by the eyes ensures that we make sense of our visual world, thus constituting our field of vision. Moreover, conditions such as bilateral hemianopia can affect this field by causing the loss of lateral peripheral vision without affecting central vision, illustrating how specific eye or brain conditions can alter our ability to perceive the surrounding environment.