Final answer:
The phrase in question is often associated with divine or supreme beings and represents an unchanging nature. In literature, it could refer to flat characters or themes of constancy and immutability. The provided excerpts reflect on these themes through various representations of permanence and steadfastness.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phrase 'with whom there is no variation nor shadow of turning' refers to a character of unchanging nature and is often associated with a divine or supreme being. In literature, such a description could apply to a character who remains constant and unaltered by the events around them, embodying ideals like truth, reliability, or eternity. This phrase can be found in religious texts like the Bible, specifically in James 1:17, referring to an unchangeable God.
The excerpts provided seem to explore themes of permanence, justice, and artistic immutability. Each selection offers a glimpse into characters or entities that represent some form of constancy, whether through the unchanging physical artistry, fate that binds individuals regardless of their actions, or through the steadfast nature of a character's resolve.
Literary characters who exhibit no variation or shadow of turning might be seen as flat characters, as mentioned in the excerpt that references Mrs. Micawber's resolute stance concerning her husband. Flat characters are typically uncomplex and do not undergo substantial change or growth throughout a narrative.