Final answer:
Cognitive factors related to Bulimia Nervosa and BED include distorted body image, dysfunctional food beliefs, impulse control issues, and negative self-evaluation. Both disorders also have biological underpinnings with neurotransmitter imbalances and are influenced by environmental stressors. Treatment typically includes counseling and medication.
Step-by-step explanation:
Several cognitive factors are associated with Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder (BED). For those with bulimia nervosa, characterized by binge eating followed by purging, cognitive factors often include an overemphasis on body shape and weight, a distorted body image, and dysfunctional beliefs about food and dieting.
In binge eating disorder, which involves recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors but with feelings of distress, guilt, and embarrassment, common cognitive factors include intense cravings, difficulty in controlling eating impulses, negative self-evaluation, and a dysfunctional approach to coping with stress or negative emotions.
These eating disorders involve complex interplays between biological, psychological, and environmental factors. People with these disorders often experience altered regulation of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which can impact appetite and mood. Environmental factors like past abuse, cultural pressures regarding thinness, and tight parental control over eating habits have also been shown to increase the risk. Treatments typically involve a combination of counseling and medication, with the goal of addressing both the psychological and physiological aspects of the disorders.