Final answer:
Translation involves mRNA, ribosomes, tRNAs, and enzymatic factors. DNA is not directly involved.
Step-by-step explanation:
Translation is the process by which the mRNA code is used to synthesize a protein. It involves several components, including mRNA, ribosomes, tRNAs, and various enzymatic factors. The mRNA molecule carries the genetic instructions from the DNA and provides the code for protein synthesis. The ribosomes, which consist of both small and large subunits, are responsible for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids according to the mRNA template. tRNAs deliver the specific amino acids to the ribosome, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes ensure the correct matching of tRNAs with their corresponding amino acids. DNA, on the other hand, is not directly involved in translation, as it serves as the template for mRNA synthesis during transcription.