Final answer:
Sedimentary rocks that contain carbon, apart from limestone and dolomite, include oil shale and coal. These rocks contribute to the global storage of carbon and play a significant role in the carbon cycle, with various structures indicating carbon accumulation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sedimentary rocks other than limestone and dolomite that contain carbon are oil shale and coal. Oil shale is a sedimentary rock that contains significant amounts of organic material known as kerogen. When heated, this organic matter can yield oil, contributing to global carbon storage.
Coal is another example of an organic sedimentary rock, formed from the accumulation and lithification of organic matter, such as plant material. Over time, buried plant material is subjected to high temperatures and pressures, which transform it into coal, categorized into various ranks such as anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite.
The global carbon cycle reflects the storage of carbon in rocks such as these. Clastic rocks like mudrocks, which often contain silt and clay deposits with carbon-rich layers, form part of the sedimentary structures associated with the accumulation of carbon. The presence of root structures, bioturbation, and multiple coal layers indicate environments where carbon has been stored over time, contributing to the cycle that plays a critical role in Earth's climate and biological systems.