Final answer:
Thrombocytopenia is the disorder caused by a deficiency of circulating platelets, leading to excessive bleeding from the inability of blood to form clots.
Step-by-step explanation:
The disorder that results from a deficiency of circulating platelets is Thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia leads to an inability of blood to form clots, which can cause excessive bleeding even from minor wounds. Other disorders, such as hemophilia, result from inadequate synthesis of clotting factors, but that is distinct from thrombocytopenia, which specifically refers to low platelet counts. While Hemophilia is characterized by a genetic deficiency in clotting factors like factor VIII or IX, Sickle cell anemia involves abnormal shaping of red blood cells, and Von Willebrand's disease is caused by a defect in or deficiency of a blood clotting protein called von Willebrand factor.