Final answer:
Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, is consciously recalled information like facts and personal events. It involves active engagement and effort to remember and includes episodic and semantic memory.
Step-by-step explanation:
Explicit memory is also called declarative memory. This type of memory involves facts and events that a person consciously tries to remember and recall. In contrast, procedural memory is a component of implicit memory, which relates to skills and tasks one learns to perform without conscious awareness. When a student studies material for an exam, they are engaging their explicit memory, focusing specifically on effortful processing and elaborative rehearsal, which involve intentional work to encode information into memory through understanding and relating it to other knowledge.
Explicit memory is divided into two categories: episodic memory and semantic memory. Episodic memory deals with information about events one has personally experienced, also known as autobiographical memory. Meanwhile, semantic memory encompasses facts and general knowledge. Both these types of explicit memory require encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system, and can benefit from memory-enhancing strategies to ensure the transition from short-term to long-term memory.