Final answer:
Major medical insurance covers catastrophic or prolonged illness or injury when basic medical benefits end.
Step-by-step explanation:
Based on the description provided, the type of benefit that covers catastrophic or prolonged illness or injury and takes over when basic medical, hospitalization, and surgical benefits end is major medical insurance.
Major medical insurance is designed to provide coverage for costly medical expenses, such as hospital stays, surgeries, and long-term treatments, that go beyond the limits of basic health insurance.
For example, if someone has basic health insurance and incurs a serious injury or develops a chronic illness that requires ongoing and expensive treatments, major medical insurance would step in to cover the additional costs once the basic benefits are exhausted.