Final answer:
b.1.010 to 1.030 The normal specific gravity of urine is between 1.010 to 1.030, which indicates the concentration level of solutes in the urine and by extension, kidney function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The normal specific gravity of urine ranges from 1.010 to 1.030, reflecting the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. A specific gravity lower than 1.010 may indicate conditions such as diabetes insipidus or amyloid degeneration. Higher specific gravity can indicate dehydration, diarrhea, or infection. Specific gravity measures the density of urine compared to pure water, with the presence of solutes in urine increasing its density above that of water, which has a specific gravity of 1.0.
The ability of kidneys to concentrate urine can be assessed with tests such as the concentration test. In this test, if after administration of ADH the urine's specific gravity is 1.020, it indicates normal kidney function. Conversely, if the specific gravity is lower, there may be a kidney abnormality. For more in-depth analysis, the urine osmolality test can be conducted, providing a more precise measurement than specific gravity for evaluating renal function.
Deviations from this range can suggest various health issues such as dehydration or renal failure. The urine osmolality test offers a more accurate analysis of kidney function than specific gravity alone.