Final answer:
The law passed in 121 BC by the Roman Senate was the lex Iulia de maiestate. It regulated treason and treason trials in the Roman Republic, establishing penalties for those found guilty. The law aimed to protect the reputation of magistrates and maintain the stability and authority of the Senate.
Step-by-step explanation:
The law passed in 121 BC by the Roman Senate was the lex Iulia de maiestate. This law regulated treason and treason trials in the Roman Republic. It made it a crime to conspire against the state or harm the reputation of a magistrate. The law also established penalties for those found guilty of such crimes, including fines and exile.
The results of this law were significant. It allowed the Senate to maintain control and stability in the Republic by prosecuting individuals who posed a threat to the government. It also protected the reputation and authority of magistrates. However, it also provided an opportunity for political abuse and corruption, as accusations of treason could be used to silence or eliminate political rivals.
The law was passed to ensure the security and stability of the Roman Republic. At the time, Rome was facing internal unrest and external threats, and the Senate saw the need to strengthen the government and protect the state. By establishing clear guidelines and punishments for treason, the law aimed to deter potential threats and maintain the authority of the Senate and magistrates.