Final answer:
Additional tests that should be performed include chest radiographs and sputum tests to confirm TB exposure. The doctor should recommend a combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs as treatment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The additional tests that should be performed on the patient who has a positive TB screening test include chest radiographs to detect Ghon complex formation. This is necessary to confirm exposure to TB when prior vaccinations with the BCG vaccine can cause false-positive results. The doctor may also order sputum tests to identify and confirm the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes TB.
The type of treatment that the doctor should recommend for a patient with a positive TB screening test is a combination of antibiotics known as anti-tuberculosis drugs. This treatment typically involves a combination of drugs such as isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide taken for a specific duration, usually 6 to 9 months. The patient needs to complete the full course of treatment to ensure successful eradication of the bacteria.