Final answer:
The Freedmen's Bureau, officially known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, was established by the federal government to protect the economic rights of Freedpeople after the Civil War, providing services and support meant as a temporary solution during Reconstruction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The agency established by the federal government to protect Freedpeople's economic rights after the Civil War was the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, commonly known as the Freedmen's Bureau. Although the Freedmen's Bureau was designed as a temporary measure, it played a crucial role in addressing the needs of formerly enslaved people, providing relief and assistance in the form of clothing, food, fuel, land, and education. This bureau demonstrated a significant expansion of federal government power over states and implied a governmental promise to aid African Americans and Unionists in establishing new lives as independent farmers in the reconstructed South.
Contrary to some beliefs at the time that the Bureau was established as a permanent institution, Congress originally intended it to be a temporary solution, with its authority lasting for one year following its creation in March 1865. Nevertheless, it left an enduring legacy in how the federal government would handle the process of Reconstruction and the integration of freed slaves into American society.