Final answer:
Centrifugal forces, such as ethnic conflict and social injustice, tend to disrupt and threaten the unity of a state in political geography. On the contrary, centripetal forces, such as ethnic unity and social/economic equity, hold a state together.
Step-by-step explanation:
In political geography, the forces that tend to disrupt and threaten the unity of a state are known as centrifugal forces.
These forces pull a nation apart and can include factors such as ethnic conflict, social injustice, poverty, dictatorial leadership, and religious intolerance.
On the other hand, centripetal forces are the cultural forces that hold a state together, such as ethnic unity, social and economic equity, and tolerance.