Final answer:
The phrases 'Like them better,' 'Give more rewards to them,' and 'Believe they are more pleasant' describe favoritism or preferential treatment, which is linked to the idea of rewards motivating individuals to achieve and maintain social standings. Reward systems can influence behaviors through conditioning, with intangible rewards being particularly powerful in maintaining intrinsic motivation.
Step-by-step explanation:
"Like them better." "Give more rewards to them." "Believe they are more pleasant." These phrases describe the concept of favoritism or preferential treatment. This concept is often discussed in the context of social stratification, where better rewards are given to those in certain positions or with certain attributes. Sociologists like Davis and Moore argue that different levels of rewards motivate individuals to work harder and attain 'important' roles with more prestige and power.
Behavioral conditioning is also relevant here, as it's about learning behaviors through rewards. Children, for example, learn to put away toys for a bedtime story or study for better grades. Adults might equate hard work with personal rewards, internalizing the belief that they are better through their achievements, as illustrated by the businessman in the example who holds onto the idea that hard work is its own reward.
However, it's also important to understand the effects of rewards. Physical and verbal reinforcements have different impacts, with tangible rewards potentially undermining intrinsic motivation, whereas unexpected rewards can bolster it. This ties back into the primary discussion, where rewards are seen as amplifiers of desired behaviors or as indicators of social value.