Final answer:
The hierarchy of needs progresses from fundamental biological needs to more complex social and psychological needs before achieving self-actualization. Biological needs must be met first before higher-level psychological aspirations, like self-actualization and later, self-transcendence, are pursued.
Step-by-step explanation:
The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic biological needs to social needs to self-actualization. At the base of Maslow's pyramid are physiological needs that are essential for survival, such as food, water, and shelter. As these needs are met, individuals can begin to address needs for security and safety, belonging and love, esteem, and finally, self-actualization—the process of realizing one's full potential. Maslow later introduced the concept of self-transcendence as a level above self-actualization to describe the motivation to strive for a higher goal beyond oneself, which could manifest in acts of altruism or spirituality.