Final answer:
Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, whereas meiosis results in four genetically diverse haploid cells. Meiosis includes two rounds of division and features unique events like crossing over, leading to genetic variation. These differences make mitosis and meiosis crucial for growth and repair, and sexual reproduction, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The end products of meiosis differ significantly from those of mitosis. In mitosis, one cell divides once to produce two genetically identical diploid cells, suitable for growth or repair. Contrary to this, meiosis involves two rounds of cell division and produces four genetically diverse haploid cells, each with half the number of chromosomes compared to the original cell. The primary goal of mitosis is the creation of identical cells for tissue growth or repair, while the goal of meiosis is to produce haploid gametes for sexual reproduction, ensuring genetic variation in offspring.
In mitosis, the attachment of spindle fibers to chromosomes and the separation of sister chromatids are straightforward processes. However, during meiosis I, homologous chromosomes rather than sister chromatids separate due to the attachment of spindle fibers. This step introduces genetic variability. Moreover, crossing over between homologous chromosomes, which occurs only in meiosis I, further increases this genetic diversity.
Overall, while both mitosis and meiosis are essential for life, they serve notably different purposes. Mitosis is critical for the maintenance and growth of an organism, while meiosis is key for sexual reproduction and the resultant genetic diversity among individuals.