Final answer:
Glaucoma is caused by an excess of aqueous humor leading to a rise in intraocular pressure which can damage the optic nerve. Regular testing is recommended for individuals over 40 to detect this condition.
Step-by-step explanation:
Glaucoma results from elevated intraocular pressure due to an excess of aqueous humor. This pressure is necessary to maintain the shape of the eye, but when the balance is disrupted, and fluid cannot circulate properly, it can lead to the buildup of pressure, which is the glaucoma condition. This increased intraocular pressure can cause damage to the optic nerve and lead to vision loss if left untreated. Individuals over 40 years of age are at a greater risk of developing glaucoma and should have their intraocular pressure tested routinely to detect any abnormalities.