Final answer:
Formal negative sanctions are the tools used by managers to punish subordinates for violating workplace norms, including verbal/written reprimands, fines, and terminations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Managers who use formal negative sanctions can punish subordinates through verbal or written reprimands, fines, or, in extreme situations, terminations. These sanctions are a part of procedural justice in the workplace and serve to enforce the set rules and expectations that govern employees' behaviors. Formal sanctions are officially recognized means to address and discourage norm violations, differing from informal sanctions which may include less official, but still potent, social pressures or disapproval. The effectiveness and appropriateness of sanctions, particularly negative ones, are a crucial aspect of management as they can directly impact the work environment and employee relations.
Historically, the use of psychological coercion and physical violence has been employed to ensure obedience, as seen in the extreme conditions of slavery. In a more contemporary context, while physical violence has no place in the workplace, the concept of applying repercussions to prevent undesired behaviors remains. However, it is essential to balance such measures with an understanding of their potential impacts on employee morale and behavior.
The application of sanctions, both positive and negative, have evolved over time but remain a critical component of social control, both within societal norms and within the organizational structures of businesses.