Final answer:
The attempt to relate differences in gene locations with other differences in persons is called molecular genetics (option B). This field deals with the structure and function of genes and includes studies of gene linkage and gene expression. Linkage analysis is a significant tool for developing genetic maps in molecular genetics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The attempt to relate differences in gene locations with other differences in persons is known as molecular genetics. Molecular genetics is a field within biology that focuses on the structure and function of genes at a molecular level and includes studies of gene linkage and the mechanisms of gene expression and regulation. A major tool used in molecular genetics is linkage analysis, which helps in the creation of genetic maps by determining the recombination frequency between genes to establish if they are linked or show independent assortment.
Genetic linkage is a key concept in molecular genetics, and it was used by early geneticists to deduce that genes on the same chromosome are physically linked because certain traits were often inherited together. This discovery paved the way for the development of genetic maps, which serve as the blueprint for the location of genes on a chromosome.
Further in the field of genetics, we encounter concepts such as Mendelian inheritance, genetic disorders, biotechnology, and more, each contributing to our understanding of biological inheritance. Notably, linkage analysis is foundational in genomics, where it is used to study the position and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.