Final answer:
The brain stem acts as the central switchboard of the CNS, connecting the brain with the spinal cord and controlling essential life functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of the brain that contains the "central switchboard" of the central nervous system is the brain stem.
The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain stem acts as a vital connection point within the central nervous system, linking the cerebrum and diencephalon to the spinal cord. It is responsible for regulating many basic life-sustaining functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure, as well as serving as a conduit for sensory and motor information passing between the brain and the rest of the body.
The four major regions of the adult brain include the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brain stem. Each lobe has distinct functions, for example, the frontal lobe is associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem-solving.
The brain stem, specifically, is paramount in maintaining homeostasis by controlling autonomic functions and connects the brain to the spinal cord, orchestrating complex reflex actions and ensuring the proper flow of neural messages throughout the body.