Final answer:
Brain stimulation through DBS and TMS and psychosurgery such as lobotomies are treatments for disorders. DBS can improve memory but may change personality, while TMS aims to normalize brain electrical activity. Lobotomies, now obsolete, were used for severe behavioral control leading to changes in mood and personality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The treatment of certain disorders can involve brain stimulation techniques like Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and non-invasive methods such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), as well as psycho-surgical methods like the now largely abandoned prefrontal lobotomy. DBS involves the insertion of electrodes into the brain and can improve memory functions. However, personality changes have been observed as a consequence. Non-invasive brain stimulation has shown promise in enhancing various brain functions; yet, interference in one ability may lead to a temporary decrease in another. Neuromodulation through these methods suggests recovery of normal electrical brain function and improvements in disorders such as depression.
The historical technique of prefrontal lobotomies involved severing connections within the brain to treat severe mental disorders. Although effective to some degree in controlling behavior, lobotomies often resulted in significant changes to personality and mood, which led to their decline with the advent of antipsychotic medications.