Final answer:
The most significant source of conflict stemming from the U.S. Constitution has been federalism, with disputes primarily concerning the balance of power between state and federal governments. Economic interests and issues such as slavery also drove contention, while judicial interpretations have further shaped the Constitution's application over time.
Step-by-step explanation:
Throughout the history of the United States, federalism has been a major source of conflict due to the division of powers between the state and federal governments. For many, the greatest sticking point in the ratification process concerned the balance of power between these two levels. Anti-federalists like Patrick Henry were concerned with the expansion of federal power, including the creation of a standing army and the federal government's new ability to tax, arguing these powers should remain with the states. Conversely, the Federalists argued for a stronger central government to maintain order and stability.
Economic factors also played a significant role, as historian Charles Beard suggested, with opinions divided along urban and rural lines rather than strictly by economic class. Urban residents, both rich and poor, favored the Constitution hoping it would promote commerce and industry, while many rural dwellers, regardless of their wealth, opposed it. The debate extended to the issue of slavery, which was deeply contentious at the Constitutional Convention, highlighting another fundamental conflict over the Constitution's values and applications.
The Constitution has also been subject to varying interpretations over time. Through judicial review, courts have continued to redefine constitutional concepts, adapting the document to modern issues and societal values. The Federalist Papers, a series of essays promoting the ratification of the Constitution, supported the idea of republicanism and addressed the challenges of factions and instability — concerns that are remarkably still pertinent today.