Final answer:
Fermentation is not part of the cellular respiration pathway that produces large amounts of ATP; it occurs when there is no oxygen and does not produce ATP via the electron transport chain, unlike the Krebs cycle, glycolysis, and the electron transport chain.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process not part of the cellular respiration pathway that produces large amounts of ATP in a cell is fermentation. Cellular respiration includes several key pathways such as the Krebs cycle, glycolysis, and the electron transport chain. These pathways work together to produce ATP, with most ATP being generated during a process known as oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs after the Krebs cycle in the presence of oxygen and involves the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Fermentation, on the other hand, occurs when oxygen is not available. It allows for the regeneration of NAD+ from NADH, which is necessary for glycolysis to continue, but it does not produce substantial amounts of ATP and does not involve the electron transport chain.
The Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain require oxygen and are part of cellular respiration that takes place in the mitochondria, often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell. The diagram from the question source shows how the electron transport chain, part of oxidative phosphorylation, is an integral step in the efficient production of ATP, which is the main energy currency of the cell.