Question

In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP?

a. Released as electrons flow through the electron transport chain
b. Released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient
c. Released as electrons are transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane
d. Released from substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 1

The direct source of energy for converting ADP to ATP in chemiosmosis is the energy released from protons moving through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient. So, the correct answer is option b.

Step-by-step explanation:

The most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP during chemiosmosis is b. Released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient. This process occurs as follows: an electrochemical gradient of protons (H+), which is formed across a membrane due to the action of the electron transport chain (ETC), provides the energy for ATP synthesis.

As protons flow back across the membrane through a protein complex called ATP synthase, their movement drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) by a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.

So, the correct answer is option b.