Final answer:
A manager's ability to think abstractly is categorized as a conceptual skill. Analytical intelligence is utilized when examining data for trends, and a personality psychologist would study factors affecting job suitability. Heuristics are mental shortcuts aiding in problem-solving.
Step-by-step explanation:
A manager's ability to think in the abstract is primarily a conceptual skill. Conceptual skills are crucial for managers as they involve the ability to see the organization as a whole, understand how different functions relate to each other, and visualize how the company fits into its broader environment, including the market, competitors, and the economy.
When examining data to look for trends, the type of intelligence used most is analytical intelligence. This encompasses the ability to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information. Analytical skills enable one to interpret data to make informed decisions, foresee future trends, and solve complex problems, often using a scientific or methodological approach.
Fluid intelligence is characterized by the capability to see complex relationships and solve problems, which aligns closely with the demands of conceptual and analytical thinking.
The referenced psychology professional interested in job suitability factors is most likely a personality psychologist, as they study individual traits, behaviors, and patterns that determine how a person may fit a particular job role.
Psychology students are exposed to multiple skills, including critical thinking, use of the scientific method, and critical evaluation of sources of information, all necessary for problem-solving in various work contexts as well as in daily life.
Lastly, a mental shortcut used in problem-solving is called a heuristic, which contrasts with an algorithm; the former provides a general framework for solving problems quickly, whereas the latter is a step-by-step rigorous process.