Final answer:
Astrocytes are the neuroglia cells in the central nervous system responsible for supplying neurons with nutrients, supporting them structurally, and maintaining homeostasis in the neuronal environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The neuroglia cells that help supply neurons with nutrients are the astrocytes. In the central nervous system (CNS), different types of neuroglia or glial cells fulfill various support roles for neurons. Among them, astrocytes are key in providing nutrients to neurons, maintaining the extracellular environment, and supporting the structural integrity of synapses. Astrocytes have a direct connection with blood vessels and are positioned in such a way that they can efficiently transport nutrients from the blood to the neurons.
Furthermore, they contribute to the formation of the blood-brain barrier, a critical structure that controls the passage of substances into the brain, ensuring that harmful toxins are kept out while essential nutrients are allowed in. Not only do these star-shaped cells play a pivotal role in maintaining a healthy neuronal environment, but they also engage in modulating neural activity and synaptic function.