Final answer:
A census tract is a geographic area used for census data collection, which may function as an approximate measure of a neighborhood. Social area analysis uses this data to understand spatial patterns in urban areas, focusing on community characteristics and their implications, such as crime rates, access to resources, and social inequalities.
Step-by-step explanation:
A census tract is a geographic area defined for the purpose of taking a census, which is a count and analysis of the population. These tracts are usually designed to be relatively homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions. They can be considered as a substitute for neighborhoods, but their boundaries are often arbitrary and may not align with the local perception of neighborhood limits.
Social area analysis is a method used in urban sociology, geography, and planning to understand the various aspects of communities and how they change over time. This analysis examines the distribution of qualities such as socioeconomic status, family types, and ethnic diversity across an urban area.