Final answer:
The phenomenon where infants stop paying attention to a picture after being shown it repeatedly is called habituation. Habituation is a type of non-associative learning where response to a stimulus decreases with repeated exposure, allowing individuals to conserve energy by ignoring non-threatening stimuli. Thus, the option A is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
If infants are repeatedly shown the same picture over and over, they will stop paying attention to it. This is called habituation. Habituation is a simple form of learning in which an individual stops responding to a stimulus after a period of repeated exposure. It's a form of non-associative learning because the stimulus is not linked to any punishment or reward.
Habituation serves a significant purpose; it allows organisms, including humans, to ignore stimuli that are innocuous, thus conserving time and energy that would otherwise be spent on responding to non-threatening stimuli. For example, you may have experienced habituation when you stopped noticing the consistent humming of a refrigerator or the ticking of a clock after being exposed to it for some time
Contrastingly, dishabituation refers to the situation where a new stimulus is introduced or there is a change in the original stimulus resulting in renewed attention. Overexposure could refer to too much exposure to a stimulus to the point where it might become damaging, while sensory disengagement is not a term commonly used in the context of habituation and refers more generally to the withdrawal of sensory attention from any stimuli.