Final answer:
Option B, which states, 'Keanu failed the exam because he is lazy,' best represents the fundamental attribution error as it attributes a dispositional factor without considering situational influences. The error is more common in individualistic cultures than in collectivistic cultures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The best representation of the fundamental attribution error from the given options is B: Keanu failed the exam because he is lazy. This statement attributes Keanu's failure to a dispositional factor - his perceived laziness - rather than considering possible situational influences such as the exam's difficulty, lack of preparation time, or personal issues. The fundamental attribution error involves placing undue emphasis on internal characteristics to explain someone else's behavior, rather than considering the external, situational factors that may have contributed. For instance, in the quizmaster study, observers and contestants incorrectly attributed the quizmaster's superior performance to higher intelligence, while the real advantage came from their role in creating the questions.
In contrasting cultures, research suggests that people from individualistic cultures are more prone to the fundamental attribution error, whereas those from collectivistic cultures are less likely to make such attributions, demonstrating that variations in cultural values influence the occurrence of this cognitive bias.