Final answer:
In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. Pavlov's dog experiments demonstrate this, with the bell (CS) becoming associated with meat powder (UCS) to produce salivation (CR). Angelina's response to a blue formula canister follows this pattern; the canister (CS) is associated with the formula (UCS), leading to her excitement and salivation (CR).
Step-by-step explanation:
One commonly used preparation in classical conditioning involves the famous experiments by Ivan Pavlov with dogs. In these experiments, Pavlov used meat powder as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), which naturally caused the dogs to salivate, referred to as the unconditioned response (UCR). Pavlov then introduced a neutral stimulus, a bell, which did not initially cause salivation. By sounding the bell (the conditioned stimulus or CS) immediately before offering the meat powder, Pavlov could condition the dogs to associate the bell with the food. After several pairings of the bell with the meat powder, the sound of the bell alone would trigger salivation in the dogs. This learned response is known as the conditioned response (CR).
Applying this to the example of Angelina, the six-month-old daughter who gets excited and likely salivates at the sight of the blue formula canister, we can identify the UCS, CS, UCR, and CR. The formula in the canister is the UCS, which naturally elicits the UCR of excitement and salivation in Angelina. The blue canister (CS), initially a neutral stimulus, becomes associated with the formula. Over time, the sight of the blue canister alone is enough to trigger Angelina's excitement and salivation (CR), reflecting the principles of classical conditioning.