Final answer:
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect with four anomalies: pulmonary infundibular stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. A tet spell is an acute cyanotic event. Treatment includes knee-to-chest positioning, oxygen, calming the child, medications, and surgical repair.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tetralogy of Fallot
The Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect which presents with four key abnormalities: pulmonary infundibular stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Symptoms of this condition include heart murmur, low oxygen saturation, dyspnea, polycythemia, finger and toe clubbing, and developmental challenges in children. A tet spell describes an acute cyanotic episode, which can be managed initially by placing the infant in a knee-to-chest position, administering oxygen, calming the child, and using medications to reduce the contractility of the heart and improve oxygenation, followed by surgery for definitive treatment.
Regarding survival rates, due to advances in surgical interventions, there's a marked increase in survival rates with 75 percent survival during the first year of life, dropping to 5 percent by 40 years.