Final answer:
The aspect of attachment theory that shapes expectations and interactions in a child's relationships is the internal working model, created from early interactions with the primary caregiver.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to attachment theory, the factor that shapes expectations and interactions in relationships to others throughout a child's life is the internal working model.
This model is a cognitive framework comprising mental representations for understanding the world, self, and others. A child's primary experience with their caregiver(s) establishes this internal working model, which then guides future interactions and expectations in relationships.
John Bowlby, the founder of attachment theory, posited that the attachment bond formed with a primary caregiver is crucial for normal social and emotional development.
The caregiver's responsiveness to the child's needs and mutually enjoyable interactions are foundational in creating this bond, which serves as a template for all subsequent relationships.
Later in life, this internal working model continues to influence how an individual relates to others, be it in friendship, romantic relationships, or workplace dynamics.