Question

With regard to the findings of many longitudinal studies on attachment theory reported in the textbook, which statement accurately describes the overall conclusions?

a. The studies reported do not really test the heart of attachment theory, which is the claim that infant attachments form the basis for later relationships.
b. These longitudinal studies have provided a clear support for the link between parental separation and secure attachment.
c. Most of the studies relied on having people recall memories from childhood which was found to be an unreliable enterprise.
d. These longitudinal studies have provided mixed support for the predictions of attachment theory.

Answer 1

Longitudinal studies of attachment theory provide mixed evidence, supporting the significance of early attachment in some cases while highlighting the role of additional factors like temperament and culture in others.

Step-by-step explanation:

Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby, states that an infant's early attachment to a caregiver forms the basis for future relationships. According to Bowlby, secure attachment is formed when the caregiver is responsive to the child's needs and engages in mutually enjoyable interactions. Mary Ainsworth further studied attachment styles using the Strange Situation procedure, defining secure, avoidant, resistant, and disorganized attachment styles. These styles are discerned by observing the child's reaction to separation and reunion with the caregiver.

Longitudinal studies on attachment have provided mixed support for attachment theory's predictions. Some studies validate the importance of early attachment for later relationships, while others point to various factors like temperament and cultural differences affecting attachment, indicating a more complex interplay than initially proposed by attachment theory. Therefore, the overall conclusion drawn from longitudinal studies is captured by the statement "These longitudinal studies have provided mixed support for the predictions of attachment theory".