Final answer:
To determine liver functionality, liver function tests (LFTs) are performed, including the monitoring of specific enzyme levels, bilirubin, and proteins in the blood, as well as various coagulation tests and imaging techniques like ultrasound. amage or dysfunction.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine the liver's functionality, several tests can be conducted. These tests are grouped under liver function tests (LFTs) and can provide comprehensive information about the state of the liver. When looking at enzyme levels in the blood, an increase typically suggests liver tissue involvement. Enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) are commonly evaluated. High levels of these enzymes may indicate liver dysfunction.
Other indicators include bilirubin levels, both direct and total, which can be a sign of jaundice or other liver-related issues. A check of the blood's amylase or lipase levels can also be required to consider effects on organs like the pancreas. Serum albumin and serum total protein are assessed, including the albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio. Liver involvement can also affect coagulation factors, commonly evaluated through the international normalized ratio (INR), which would be increased if there is liver damage impacting the body's ability to clot blood.
Additional tests such as a complete blood count (CBC) may indicate infection if white blood cell counts are high. Ultrasound imaging is a non-invasive technique that provides a visual representation of the liver and can identify abnormalities. Furthermore, detoxification mechanisms in the liver are crucial, with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) being an enzyme monitored for signs of liver damage.