Final answer:
HHNS is a serious complication that affects individuals with type 2 diabetes. It occurs when blood glucose levels become extremely high and can lead to dehydration and altered mental status. Managing blood glucose levels through medication, diet, and exercise is crucial to prevent such complications.
Step-by-step explanation:
HHNS, which stands for Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome, is a serious complication that can affect individuals with type 2 diabetes. It typically occurs in older adults who have uncontrolled diabetes and are at high risk for dehydration. HHNS is characterized by extremely high blood glucose levels, dehydration, and altered mental status.
HHNS can occur when the body's insulin production is insufficient to regulate blood glucose levels, resulting in hyperglycemia. Unlike diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which occurs in individuals with type 1 diabetes, HHNS is not associated with the presence of ketones in the blood or urine. The precise mechanisms behind HHNS are not completely understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of insulin resistance, dehydration, and underlying medical conditions.
It is important for individuals with diabetes to manage their blood glucose levels through proper medication, diet, and regular exercise to reduce the risk of developing complications such as HHNS. If symptoms of HHNS, such as extreme thirst, frequent urination, confusion, or weakness, are present, immediate medical attention should be sought.